Immunisation: Opportunities and Challenges
نویسنده
چکیده
Received March 5, 2003 Abstract Immunisation provides protection from infective diseases that have previously caused major mortality and morbidity worldwide. Protection from vaccine preventable diseases should be available to all children globally. During the last two decades, global initiatives have led to significant improvement in vaccine availability for all children, but there is still much to be done. New vaccines against encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) have led to major changes in the prevalence of diseases due to Hib in developed countries. Further recent developments with conjugate pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines offer great potential for the future. Acellular pertussis vaccines have reduced reactogenicity in comparison with whole cell pertussis vaccines, and appear likely to have better long term efficacy. Vaccines against rotavirus, RSV, parainfluenza and influenza for use in childhood are in development. There is the real possibility of eradicating infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis and measles in the foreseeable future. Future challenges are to provide vaccines at low cost and in a stable form so that they can benefit all children globally.
منابع مشابه
Missed opportunities for immunisation in health facilities in Cape Town, South Africa.
BACKGROUND Childhood immunisations are a cost-effective public health intervention for prevention of infectious diseases. Immunisation coverage is still suboptimal, however, which may result in disease outbreaks. Immunisation at every contact with a health facility is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization in order to improve immunisation coverage. OBJECTIVES To estimate the pr...
متن کاملThe challenges and opportunities of translating best practice immunisation strategies among low performing general practices to reduce equity gaps in childhood immunisation coverage in New Zealand
BACKGROUND Immunisation coverage rates vary considerably at the local level across New Zealand and challenges remain with effectively translating best available research evidence into public health practice. This study aimed to translate best practices from high performing general practices into strategies to improve childhood immunisation coverage among low performing practices. METHODS An i...
متن کاملMissed opportunities and inappropriately given vaccines reduce immunisation coverage in facilities that serve slum areas of Nairobi.
OBJECTIVES To quantify missed opportunities for immunisation, document reasons for their occurrence and evaluate the extent of inappropriately given vaccine doses. DESIGN A cross sectional study of children under two years of age attending health facilities. SETTING Six health facilities predominantly serving the slums of Nairobi. METHODOLOGY Information on vaccination was extracted from ...
متن کاملProposing a model for entrepreneurship opportunities and challenges in online social networks in Iran
Human life has been affected by new communications in recent years. The development of cyberspace has led to businesses embracing social networks. The appearance of the cyberspace and features offered by information technology (IT) has provided hope, wishes, opportunities, and challenges for business owners. Organizations create opportunities for improving productivity, market share and value, ...
متن کاملThe Impact of Conflict on Immunisation Coverage in 16 Countries
Background Military conflict has been an ongoing determinant of inequitable immunisation coverage in many low- and middle-income countries, yet the impact of conflict on the attainment of global health goals has not been fully addressed. This review will describe and analyse the association between conflict, immunisation coverage and vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks, along with...
متن کامل